Essay Copernicus and the Lack of Freedom of Speech Before...

Freedom of Speech, Assembly, Petition, Press and Freedom of Religion was granted to us on 1791, but what about the time before that? What were people’s rights, did they even have any? Nicolaus Copernicus was one of the many people who lived through the early Reformation. During that time the Catholic Church controlled the people. Anyone who disobeyed the Catholic Church was either put into prison or even sentenced to death. The major concept that the Catholic Church held was the geocentric theory, that the Earth is the center of the universe. Their argument was that God had not only blessed humans with its nature but also granted humans a special place to live, which was in the center of the universe. However Copernicus was not completely†¦show more content†¦Although Copernicus’ theory was against the Catholic Church, some parts of it were still based on the beliefs of the Catholic Church. Part of his heliocentric model was that the Earth rotated from west to east in a perfect circle. Why from west to east? Copernicus believed this because simply it was commanded by God. Why a perfect circle? Copernicus shared this concept with many other astronomers. Astronomers believed that since God is perfect he made the planets orbit in a perfect shape, circle. This concept was later on corrected by Johannes Kepler, who was also very religious and he stated that the planets orbit in a perfect ellipse. If Copernicus was sure that the geocentric model was wrong then why did he hesitate to publish his model of heliocentric? The book mentioned that although Copernicus knew that the geocentric model was wrong he still had his doubts about his own model. Doubts concerning whether the heliocentric model was wrong or maybe incomplete. Researchers say that he hesitated because he was afraid that the Catholic Church would disagree with his model. However it might not be that he is afraid of being against the Catholic Church but he had a hard time considering that the Catholic Church had made a mistake. Copernicus’ had became so widely known for his work that people all around Europe were waiting eagerly for the complete publication of his heliocentric model, and because of him

Freud - Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy -...

Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy - Little Hans Chronological Summary of Events 1903 Hans born. (April) 1906 3 to 3  ¾ First reports. 3  ¼ to 3  ½ First visit to Gmunden. (Summer) 3  ½ Castration threat. 3  ½ Hanna born. (October) 1907 3  ¾ First dream. 4 Removal to new flat. 4  ¼ to 4  ½ Second visit to Gmunden. Episode of biting horse. (Summer) 1908 4  ¾ Episode of falling horse. Outbreak of phobia. (January) 5 End of analysis. (May) Background Little Hans (Herbert Graf) was born in April 1903 to Olga Graf (mother) and Max Graf (father). He undertook four months of treatment, which was conducted by Hans’ father himself, and supervised by Freud, who took somewhat of a backseat. Freud wanted to explore what†¦show more content†¦This contributed to Freud’s idea of ‘object-choice’ and ‘homosexuality in children’ suggesting that most children have homosexual tendencies as they are only acquainted with one kind of genital organ. Freud intimates that because little Hans had a widdler, and gave so much importance to it, he chose to have this ‘familiar feature’ as his sexual object. It is also important to note that in his future development he demonstrated ‘an energetic masculinity with traits of polygamy; he knew how to vary his behaviour, too, with his varying feminine objects—audaciously aggressive in one case, languishing and bashful in another. His affe ction had moved from his mother on to other objects of love, but at a time when there was a scarcity of these it returned to her.’ Hans demonstrates elements of the sexual relations of a child to his parents discussed in Interpretation of Dreams [1900a, in Section D (ÃŽ ²) of Chapter V; Standard Ed., 4, 248 ff.] and in Three Essays [1905d, Standard Ed., 7, 222 ff.] with regard to being a little Oedipus who who wanted to have his father ‘out of the way’, to get rid of him, so that he might be alone with his beautiful mother and sleep with her. This wish had originated during his summer holidays at Gmunden and had developed with the alternating presence and absence of his father (due to work commitments). Hans identified that his fathers’ absenteeism gaveShow MoreRelatedAre there any advantages to thigpen and cleckley‚Äà ´s study over freuds is way of working with patients?1049 Words   |  5 Pagescleckley’s study over freuds is way of working with patients? Freud’s study, Analysis of a phobia in a five-year old boy, is the account of the treatment of little Hans; a five year old boy who had been suffering form anxiety that led to a number of phobias. Freud uses this case study as strong support for his psychoanalytic ideas concerning; the unconscious determinism, psychosexual development, the Oedipus complex, the cause of phobias and psychoanalytic therapy itself. Little Hans was analyzed andRead MoreThe Psychoanalytic Theory Of Oedipus Complex3264 Words   |  14 PagesOedipus complex by Sigmund Freud Maria-Ourania Dova Student No. 1119868 EN3003-English Special Project Supervisor: Dr Nick Hubble Contents INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER 1 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud’s theory about the Oedipus complex has always been a controversial concept both in psychology and philosophy. The main focus of this chapter is to summarize the development of the Oedipus complex, in Freud’s own writings, over a period of almost 40 years. The theory as regardsRead MoreEssay about Advantages of the Use of the Scientific Method in Psychology835 Words   |  4 Pagespsychology they have moved from Psychodynamic to behaviourism to humanistic and finally to cognitive. This is known as the Fundamental Shifts in Psychology. Freud first developed the basic ideas which underline the approach as a whole. 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Little Albert was a nine month old infant, Watson and Raynor used classical conditioning to make Little Albert afraid of a white rat which he previously had no fear of. Thus proving classical conditioning can be used to create a phobia. (Cited from Watson amp; Raynor 1920, pp. 1 – 14). â€Å"Give me a dozen healthyRead MorePlay Therapy : A Child s Natural Form Of Expression1575 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped over time into the largely influential and useful treatment method it is today. For over 75 years, philosophers, psychologist, scientist and educators have put emphasis on the weight play holds. (Schnoebelen, 2008) The first recognized person to take note of play as an important factor in person’s life was Plato. Plato stated, â€Å"you can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a year of conversation.† (Evans, 2011) This quote will be recognized as spark that ignited the developmentRead MorePyschoanalytic Personalities Essay Notes9106 Words   |  37 PagesPsychoanalytic Personality Assessment | Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper analyzing the components of the psychoanalytic approach to personality. Your paper should cover the following areas: * Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. What are two characteristics of these theories with which you agree? What are two characteristics with which you disagree? * Describe the stages of Freud’s theory and explain characteristics of personality using these componentsRead MoreThe Biological And Cognitive Approaches1998 Words   |  8 Pagessuch processes are irrational this could then lead to psychological problems (Ellis and Dryden, 2007). Therapy for example Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (RET), basically aims to replace the irrational thoughts with more positive beliefs. A meta-analysis was conducted by Engels (1994) which ultimately concluded that RET is an effective treatment for a number of mental illnesses. However, it should not be forgotten that the biological approach also uses the consumption of drugs as a treatment (EysenckRead MoreCritique on Gordon Allport (Theories of Personality)2577 Words   |  11 PagesChantelle Mangope â€Æ' Introduction Gordon Allport was truly a phenomenal personality theorist who explained what a personality is and he bent most of the rules that were set out by other theorists including the father of personality himself, Sigmund Freud and in addition to that, he considered Freud’s theory of personality as the worst theory of all time. The Life of Gordon Allport Gordon Allport was the first American-born personality theorist and hailed from the state of Indiana, Montezuma. He was

Road Safety Measures Free Essays

string(81) " and to discuss them and the measurement for the improvement of safety measures\." Introduction- Road Accident is collision between any vehicles (for example car, truck, motorcycle etsectra) or it can be with any pedestrian, animal or the hindrance placed in the middle of the road. The accident occurred could result in many injuries or damage to the property. There are various factors which come into account which can be the reason of accident that is design of the road, driver’s impairment and vehicle design which can cause serious and most dangerous types of accidents. We will write a custom essay sample on Road Safety Measures or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay is based on the prevention of car accidents on the roads mainly on the streets of Dubai. Defining the Problem- What is the Problem? – The provision of highways are resulting in convenience for the peoples but the main problem which is faced by the government of any country is that the more frequent road accidents which are happening on the highways which results in severe damage in form of man power or infrastructure and mainly it is happening in big cities like UAE or Dubai which are having large road transport. The problem is basically small which is to be handled very carefully by the government; they have taken many measures to stop these huge accidents. Whenever a road accident takes place there is various types of damage which takes place which could be in the form of human beings which is also a victim, infrastructure which is damage to the government and other administration damages which occurs during accident. There is heavy cost to all above types of damages which has to be paid during accident which increase the complication if every day there will hundreds of accidents across the country which would directly affect the economy of the country such as UAE. There is a cost which has to be paid by the victim’s family which cause great problem financially, the property is damaged due to the accident which also affect government financially indirectly. There is also some administration cost which will undergo due to the accident. Reason- The main reason behind the accidents which occur so frequently on the roads of UAE is that inattention which is given during driving a car. There would probably lesser amount of accidents if proper attention and rules are followed during traveling. There could be reason related to weather which lso come into effect into the reason behind accident which is of course a natural reason, the fog which causes less appearance of on coming vehicles could result in accidents. The other main reason which can cause massive accident is consumption of alcohol during driving. There are some stats related to the car accidents in UAE- * Mostly 92% men are responsible for the death occurred during accident and only 8% women are responsible. * Accidents at night made up 45% of the total fatalities. * Private vehicles cause 1164 accidents taking a toll of 167 lives. The average ratio of death due to accident in UAE was 1 in every 28 hours. Cause of Accidents- There are four factors which are responsible for these types of road car accidents which are- Equipment Failure- The failure of some equipment inside the machine working of a car resulting into serious car accident is known as Accident due to Equipment Failure. These could be of various types such as failing of break, bursting of tire, tread separations or the problem could occur in steering/suspension. Roadway Design- The accidents which occur due to the irregular design of roads are known as accidents due to Roadway Design. It could occur through hazardous visibility which consists of merging lanes, livestock or pedestrian crossings, crests and troughs etc. The accident also occurs due to the irregular surface of the roads which causes imbalance of the vehicle and results into collision with another vehicle or infrastructure. Poor Roadway Maintenance- Poor roadway maintenance also contributes to some of the car accidents. There could be debris in the way of the road which could create problems for the traveler which is responsibility of local highway department, faded road sign and potholes could be another cause for the major road accident. Driver Behavior- The main and foremost cause is driver’s behavior other than three causes discussed above which constitutes only 5% of the cause of the road accidents and 95% depends on this one. Various surveys has been done in which there is a study which comes out to be that only 5% driver’s committed their own mistake in the accident and a major of 80 % believe that the other driver should have done something to stop the accident to occur. Current Policy- There are various policies which has been started or being formed for the increasing road accidents on the roads of UAE. There is an immediate need for the adoption of government’s policies which could change the face of the accidents in the positive manner. Recently there is a conference been held in Abu Dhabi which was 15th Road Safety conference of four continents under the patronage of the vice president and prime minister of United Arab of Emirates, Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid AL Maktoum. This conference was mainly organized by National Transport Authority (NTA) and with collaboration with other groups such as GRPS, FERSI, TRB and many more. This was the first road safety conference which will going to follow United Nation Assembly resolution A/64/L. 44/Rev1 on safety of roads. The aim to conduct this conference was to follow the path being adopted by the UN assembly resolution and to support the declaration being done in Moscow to improve the safety measures on road. This conference was great platform for the government to adopt the measures which are being adopted and technical methods which are better than their methods could be adopted and being implemented to construct a safe world to live in which is free from ant accident. It was a great platform to debate for road safety issues and to discuss them and the measurement for the improvement of safety measures. You read "Road Safety Measures" in category "Essay examples" There should be organization of future events and form a close relationship with transport institutions and the government authorities to work on the topic of road safety which can reduce the number of accidents which took place these days. The conclusion of this conference come out with the understanding that all the participants that is the countries or the nations which have participated in the conference will follow the guidance given by the United Nations on the road safety measures. There should be implementation of the strategic plan such as â€Å"Zero Vision† which is famous in some countries in Europe which should be encouraged by the United Arab of Emirates government as well as the agency under which this project will go should handle it with care. Government’ s Reaction- The accidents which are taking place in the UAE region of Arab countries are getting out of the alarming situation so there is a need of taking protective measures by the government to enhance the education related to the safety adoption during driving to avoid the risk of accident. There are various policies which have been introduced by the UAE government to ensure that there is less number of accidents in the country. There are various system introduced to control the accidents which takes place at the highway like introduction of fine system, black points and application like radars should be installed. So these systems should be discussed in detail to understand their uniqueness System of fine- There is an introduction of fine in various countries for the breaking of traffic rules to control the ongoing accident on the highways or on the street but the fine system which is applied in the United Arab Emirates region is somehow little harsh from other countries because of the diversified atmosphere of that country and the large amount of vehicles running daily from one destination to other. There are more than hundreds of offences which are made under the rule which involves handsome amount of money which is to be given by the culprit if he/she found guilty of any one of them. There are some examples which could be given to show you how strict is the government of UAE * Not wearing seat belt there is a fine of 100 AED * If there is some change found in the fundamental of engine without permit then a fine of 400 AED * Driving a vehicle which is creating lots of pollution then there is a fine of 300 AED * Driving without number plate then there is fine of 200 AED * Overloading can charge an individual with 200 AED Driving a vehicle which is not having a license from license authority could be charged with a toll of 200 AED. So above points describing fine are some of the fines which have described here very shortly instead they are having a big list of them. The system is introduced with a purpose of reducing the irrelevant trafficking and reduction of accidents which are taking place in the country at the faster rate. Radar System- Various countries are adopting high tech facilities to control the rate of accidents which is touching the sky. There are technical gadgets which are available in the market which could detect the speed of a vehicle from few kilometers before which could help in controlling the speeds of the vehicle which is the main reason for the accidents. For example there is radar installed somewhere at the place on highway which used to keep track of the speed of ongoing vehicles and if found some vehicle is running at the speed which too high then the censors of radar will give the indication about it. This system and other various measures which have been initialized by the government have reduced the rate of accidents which were taking place earlier. You will be shocked through the stats that death due to road accidents in Dubai has fallen short by 27 percent in the first nine months of the last year which are the figures being given by the Road and Transport Authority (RTA). There has been loads of effort being given by the UAE ministry of Interior in making the roads safer for the pedestrians and the motorists. Black Points- This system is introduced basically in the UAE in which there are points given on the basis of breaking the rules or committing any mistakes during driving along with the fine being charged. These points collectively if crosses a standard limit which has been specified by the government could result into cancellation of the driving license or could be even worse than that by cancelling the license of the vehicle and taking the vehicle into their custody. So these were few measures which are being taken by the government of UAE at the superior level to prevail UAE as the Best Global cities in the world by 2015. There is a signing of memorandum between Road and Transport Authority (RTA) and the ministry to involve road safety in the top agenda and to increase improving the driving standards and the safety measures which are being took by the people. Alternative Policy- The policies which are been introduced by the government or some of them which are in the line are discussed in the above topics but the help or the measures which an individual could take has its own preferences. There are some policies which could be added in the list of the safety rules can help hem a lot to somehow decrease the accidents being taking place at the highway or on the streets. There should be launching of nation wide campaigns which could help in providing information regarding the road safety measures being adopted and to make people aware of the rules which are being introduced in the rule books. There are around 11551 injuries and simultaneous deaths on the streets of Dubai and there are 17 deaths which too k place weekly in Dubai which is quite shocking with the stats. There are websites which conduct online test to test the knowledge of the road laws of the people which have another purpose also which is to make aware people about various laws and protective measures which they can take while driving. There should be formation of different associations which could take part in making the rules of road safety implemented in every part of the country and help the government in reducing the rate of accidents and which should provide various new invented measures which could be implemented and will be helpful in decreasing the rate of accidents, the government should take these type of ideas. There is very sharp division on the speed breakers which are situated on the highways could be placed with the forewarning boards and properly colored which could be seen from a distance but the travelers feel that speed breakers are not necessary on the highways but the villagers which understands the necessity of the breakers for their safety from the fast running vehicles. So these ways we have seen the division of mentality. There should be jurisdictional restriction on speed limit of different types of vehicle which are running like anything on the roads or highways resulting into very bad accidents. There should be some technically installment of the limit of speed which could be set accordingly to the traffic running at that place. The criteria of providing license should be made harsher which could only give chance to the perfect drivers which could provide a better chance of decreasing the accident rate. There should be various level of testing the driving of an individual which result in total inspection of the people that how much they know and is it safer to give them license to drive vehicle. The Non-Governing Organizations (NGOs) should come in front to put extra effort on the safety measures being introduced by the government. There are mechanical failures which could occur in vehicle apart from it there are mainly driver’s fault which could result in severe massive accidents resulting into loss of many lives with them. Nowadays people are consuming alcohol and driving vehicle which could result into serious accident so the policy should be made to check the alcohol consumption which should not be found more than a standard level as set by the government. There are cops which are posted at some place on the highways to check for these types of faults with breath taking machines which indicates if there is overconsumption of alcohol. Sometimes there are accidents which occur due to improper sign boards being placed on the roads. The proper planning of city could make a city free from accident which can be made by taking such types of protective measures such as sidewalks should be made to avoid walking on the roads which could decrease in the road hitting cases in the city, the crossing which is made should be made more uplifted to save pedestrian, there should be the facility for separate lanes for the two wheeler, three wheeler vehicles which can travel in only one row to avoid the risk of accidents. The activities like talking on cell phone, listening to music while driving should be avoided by an individual by themselves which could seriously harm their lives and is termed as very dangerous. The government should walk through every rural and urban area to educate the people and launch campaign at very big level to involve as many people as it can so that more and more people are being introduced to the new technologies which are rapidly being involved in the traffic rules. There should be collaboration which could be made with other countries to improve the conditions which is at present, more and more conferences should be organized within country to establish a base of road safety and there should be exchange of information and ideas between different people having different mindset which could help in building more ideas regarding safety of the people of the country. The road design is also sometimes responsible for the accidents which should be made properly. In some researches it has been shown that proper design and maintenance, with well designed intersections, proper installation of traffic control devices could make significant improvement in the rates of accidents. There should be no mechanical default in the vehicle which is actually 5% of the accidents which take place but there should adequate measures which should be taken by individual like proper wearing of seatbelts, time to time service of the vehicle to avoid any risk during long run and other measures which should be taken by the drivers to drive safely on the highways which is the place of aving maximum risk of accident. The driver which is driving a car should be well educated enough to identify the roadside signboards to minimize human error so that risk of accident from human side decreases as low it can be. Conclusion- The car accidents are taking place at frequent rate in the country like United Arab of Emirate where number of highway are more which increases the rat e of accident, the protective measure should be taken by an individual while driving a vehicle which has been introduced in above points. There are various policies which are introduced by the government to decrease the alarming situation of the rate of accidents occurring in UAE. There are stats which are shocking about the deaths of the people occurred during the accidents, these can only be improved when there is an initialization from every person of the nation and if full support is achieved by the government of the country then there are chances to calm down the temperature of the rate of accident occurring at highway. Read more:  http://www. businessteacher. org. uk/free-management-essays/road-accident. php#ixzz2OL0YNSNs How to cite Road Safety Measures, Essay examples

Global Business Marketing Opportunities

Question: Discuss about the Global Business Marketing Opportunities. Answer: Introduction: In the present scenario, Asian markets are witnessing higher rate of economic growth, which is creating a space for new investment opportunities within the markets therein. The well-recognised Asian companies such as Proctor Gamble as well as Nestle have started expanding their units in the international market since the year 2000. India and China has a great potential for investment pertaining to the MNCs of the western nations. These facts reflect that the Asian countries tend a good business relation among themselves as well as with that of the foreign countries (Kazuo, 2012). Taiwan is also emerges as one of the most successful regions of Asia from the economic perspectives (Lorencowicz Lorencowicz, 2013). The rates of economic growth in East and South Eastern Asia are quite strong, and have also witnessed a reduction in the level of poverty, which tends to bring about a rise in income, thereby leading to rise in consumption. It will lead to increase in the opportunities to set new industrial ventures, in turn facing the rising consumption demand. However, there have not been enough growth of opportunities for job in these regions, and so companies can create new job opportunities by opening their units therein. This also focuses on the need of setting new industries that will lead to emergence of BPOs along with the other industries maintaining a cordial and profitable relation among themselves (Rahman, Khatri Brunner, 2012). In the last 20 years, most of the nations of Asia had attained will grow at a range of 4-6 % for the next two decades (Farrington, 2007: 6). The emerging level of income of the people tends to create new demand for the products and services in the Asian nations. Asia has a countable number of developing nations with low level of research and development (R D) facilities. These bring about the need of technology transfer with complete assistance of Foreign Direct Investment. This indeed leads to the increased productivity and growth of the Asian economy in the global genre. This implies that western companies are having an opportunity to open units in Asia and enhancing their relationship therein (Knivilla, n.d.). The micro economic policies of Asian nations have helped a lot to keep the prices at a stable condition and have thereby increased the private consumption expenditure. This has necessitated the need for investment in the fields of education, durables, health care services an d automobiles. The FDI inflows are further attracted by the macroeconomic fundamentals of Asian nations. Nations such as Germany and UK are also found having a strong strategic alliance with Asian nations such as China (Xinhua, 2015). The educated work force of USA and presence of technological capabilities can be regarded as one of the benefits of the business houses therein. However, the problem of wage inequality coupled with social immobility can cause tension for smooth running of business in USA (Naranjo, 2014). The complex natures of institutional, legal and cultural structures are supposed to pose threat to the investors of USA, despite the presence of low entry barriers. Thus the relationship of business houses with USA seems to be somewhat troublesome. CNOOC, one of the giant energy companies of China withdrew the bid for the US Company Unocal after getting a threat of congressional scrutiny. The US governments decision regarding any business deal is also largely influence d by public opinion. This deviates away the tendency of investors to invest in USA (Moran, 2012). The nations belonging to the European Union (EU) have lost the potential of FDI to less than 20%.The sovereign debt crisis have made it impossible for many European nations to attract new investments ( Vetter, 2014). Clearly, it can be revealed that Asia is a market for new opportunities, while Northern America and Europe have reached a level of saturation that is forcing investors to invest in Asian nations and build a strong base there. The companies are trying to have a first mover advantage for investments in Asia, supported by the governments. The presence of new business opportunities has increased the business alliances of companies with Asia but the same does not apply to USA and Europe. Significance of International Strategy The Asian nations are showing a chance of great opportunities for companies to establish long-term business relations. To establish a firm base the companies of western nations have to adequately frame effective and competitive marketing strategies for surviving into the international market. They also have to develop strategies that can help in distinguishing their companies from their rivals. The need arises to understand the economic features of a particular nation such as income and psychographics among others to know the effective penetration strategies, which in turn benefits the countries in developing their uniqueness within the global scenario. The same applies to the case of the markets of Northern America and European Union (Doole Lowe, 2008: 34). Networks and Customer Relationship Management Networks play a very vital role in international marketing. Selection of proper networks assists in making the products of a business concern reach the consumers quickly. Selection of the proper channels of distributors, retailers, advertising agencies, call centres is some of the most effective means of a good network (Coviello Munro, 1995: 50). Customer relationship management (CRM) is largely connected with the maintenance of a cordial relationship with the customer that helps the organisations in creating a loyal customer base of their own. It also leads to the initiation of word-of-mouth or buzz-marketing and attracts new customers without any expenditure on promotion or advertisement (Chen Popovic, 2003: 672). The role of CRM also lies in the hands of the partners of the supply chain network. Efficiency of retailers, distributors, advertising agencies play a vital role in the effective penetration into a foreign market. The distributors of the existing market have a better knowledge of placing a product within the target market Besides, they are even aware of the techniques that needs to be implemented for dealing directly with the customers and for convincing them to purchase their products/services (Chen Popovic, 2003: 679 ). Considering the case of after-sales service, it can be said that opening a service centre o perated by the parent foreign company will be costlier than as compared to the scenario if it would have been operated by an agent. It will be much tedious for a new foreign company to do various activities at a time. The advertising agencies can help the companies to make effective advertisements, without violating the cultural norms and traditions of the new market in which the company will be expanding (Croxton, Dustugue Lambert, 2001: 14). Most of the companies now outsource the non-core activities of advertising, distribution and logistics to the efficient companies all round the world. The customer care division of companies is also maintained by outsourcing companies that deal with the grievances of customers by means of telephonic conversations or e- mail chats. Local distributors and retailers at times provide effective pricing and promotional strategies to the foreign companies. Thus, partnership with a proper channel partner bears a vital importance in effective CRM pert aining to international marketing. The focus has now been on implementing e-partnering strategies with the network members due to the increasing importance of e-CRM (Association of Modern Technologies Professionals, 2016). One classic example of network partnering is that of Dell with the International Software Distribution Company. It has enabled Dell to increase its market immensely in South Eastern Europe (American Chamber of Commerce in Romania, 2016). The key areas for effective CRM in the overseas market includes finding efficient supply chain management by means of local partnerships. The companies need to select the right dealers, distribution and channel network that will be appropriate for making the product available to the end users. The company has to decide whether to sell the product by a zero, two, three or four level channel. This depends on the nature of the goods and size of the market. Renowned and efficient dealers can efficiently make a new product reach the end users within a very short span of time. In case of overseas market the case of after-sales service should also be implemented to keep the customers satisfied. The next key area in case of overseas CRM is pricing policy and advertising. The pricing should be done at par with the purchasing power of the people. The selection of proper marketing channel will help in proper promotion of the product. In order to sustain in the market, the company has to underst and the culture, beliefs and traditions of the local people and design the product as per their needs. An effective market research is the first thing that a company must do before entering a market. It must analyse whether the demand for its products exists within the market or not, and whether the political, legal, social and ecological factors are in favour of the business and its product (Tradestart, n.d.). Challenges in Internationalisation in UK Faced by Calleija Calleija is one of the most reputed jewellery companies in the global market owing to its origin in Australia and founded by John Calleija. It produces unimaginable jewellery that reveals the excellent craftsmanship of the company (NewsLifeMedia, 2016). Aston Martin is a leading automobile manufacturer of Britain that was founded in the year 1914 by Lionel Martin, though its actual origin traces back to 1913 (Aston Martin, 2016). Calleija had made a partnership with Aston Martin to make outstanding collections of jewellery. The craftsmanship of the new partnership was supposed to be based on the One-77 car of Aston Martin. As the name suggests the car is made available only in 77 pieces and so the new pieces of jewellery is also made available in 77 pieces. The design of the jewellery is based on the extraordinary designs of the One -77 car, and these pieces were designed by John Calleija and the guidance was provided by the director of Aston Martin Marek Reichman that led to the des ign of a new gemstone called ASTAR (Calleija, 2016). However, despite such extraordinary efforts put on Calleija, it has faced problems in getting an effective hold of the market in United Kingdom. Callejia had also developed its market in UAE along with a physical store at the Old Bond Street of Mayfair in London. Online marketing techniques assisted by the traditional ways enabled Callejia to maintain a good relationship with its customers, and bring about an increment in their sale. However, the rules, regulations and laws of the nation were largely different from that of Australia. Callejia had to find out what was permissible as per the norms of UK. There was a system of red tape prevalent in the UK and it was difficult for the jewellery company to make a proper network (Fletcher Crawford, 2013). In response to this Callejia made contact with Austrade, which is an Australian government association to help the exporters of the nation help develop market outside. This body gave contacts of well known lawyers, business developers an d accountants within the boundaries of the UK. The company faced problems in creating awareness of its brand, and therefore it was believed that marketing is an ever-ending process that completed half of the business. It made contacts with a PR company that assisted Callejia in making ads on magazines, brochures and also on organized PR campaigns. Despite this the competition in the UK jewellery market appeared as hurdle to Callejia, and most of the jewellers had their shop at Old Bond Street, some as old as 150 years (Fletcher Crawford, 2013). One fact is that people of diverse cultures visited London, and some preferred to purchase British products as a sign of heritage and others preferred to buy products of multiple origins. In this way, the large nature of Londons market appeared as complex and challenging to Callejia. The presence of immense number of jewellery companies had made the market of London reach a saturation level. Callejia tried to make brand awareness of its products especially the pink diamonds. Again, the company came to know about the country of origin effect that was prevalent in UK at that time. People of UK preferred only those products, which were produced in UK. The people of UK had a disliking for Australian jewellery and technology (Fletcher Crawford, 2013: 666).Callejia tried to overcome this hurdle by stressing on the ethical manner by which the sourcing of gems are done, and used PR campaigns such as print media advertisements to overcome the issue and make brand awareness (Fletcher Crawfor d, 2013: 667). Country of Origin Effect Country of origin effect is connected with the perception that customers have after knowing the country, where a particular product has been made. Customers may develop a positive liking for a product after hearing about the country of origin or may develop a disliking for the same perspective. The concepts have gained popularity with the advent of globalisation over a period of 30 years. The emergence of the concept of country of origin effect can be traced back to World War I. The defeated nations such as Germany were forced to add a symbol of country of origin (COO) on the products that were made there (Rezvani, Dehkordi, Rahman, Fouladivanda, Habibi Eghtebasi, 2012: 206). The SME jewellery company such as Calleija had to suffer due to this effect. They were not accepted by the people as they preferred only products of British origin. After a hard PR campaign of ethical sourcing of its gems, Calleija was able to create an awareness of its products at least to some extent (Fletche r Crawford, 2013: 667). Figure: Pink Diamonds of Calleija (Source: Calleija, 2016) References American Chamber of Commerce in Romania. (2016) International software distribution, the new authorized dell software distributor for Romania, Bulgaria and the Adriatic Region, [Online], Available: https://www.amcham.ro/index.html/articles?articleID=2528 [22 Jul 2016]. 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The supply chain management processes. The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 12, no. 2, July, pp. 13-36 Doole, I. and Lowe, R. (2008). An introduction to international marketing. USA: Cengage Learning Farrington, J. (2006). Growth and poverty in Asia: Where next? Overseas Development Institute, June, pp. 1-52. Fletcher, R. and Crawford, H. (2013). International marketing: An Asia-Pacific perspective. Australia: Pearson Higher Education Kazuo, I. (2012) Doing business in Asia, [Online], Available: https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/12e074.pdf [22 Jul 2016]. Knivilla, M. (No Date) Industrial development and economic growth: implications for poverty reduction and income inequality, [Online], Available: https://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/industrial_development/3_1.pdf [22 Jul 2016]. Lorencowicz, H., Lorencowicz, E. (2013) Cultural differences and doing business in Asia and Europe an example of Taiwan and Poland, [Online], Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259214388_cultural_differences_and_doing_business_in_asia_and_europe_-_an_example_of_taiwan_and_poland [22 Jul 2016]. Marketing-Schools.org. (2012) Explore the strategy of global marketing, [Online], Available: https://www.marketing-schools.org/types-of-marketing/global-marketing.html [22 Jul 2016]. Moran, M. (2015) Hidden risks in North American foreign direct investment, [Online], Available: https://www.controlrisks.com/~/media/Public%20Site/Files/Whitepapers/Hidden%20Risks.pdf [22 Jul 2016]. Naranjo, A., M. (2014) Business opportunities and challenges for the U.S. in Latin America, [Online], Available: https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional-economist/july-2014/business-opportunities-and-challenges-for-the-us-in-latin-america [22 Jul 2016]. Rahman, K., Khatri, S., Brunner, H. (2012) Regional integration and economic development in South Asia. [Online], Available: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29871/regional-integration-economic-development-south-asia.pdf [22 Jul 2016]. Rezvani, S., Dehkordi, G., J., Rahman, M., S., Fouladivanda, F., Habibi, M., Eghtebasi, S. (2012). A conceptual study on the country of origin effect on consumer purchase intention. Asian Social Science, vol. 8, no. 12, September, pp. 205-215. Tradestart. (No Date) Key success factors, [Online], Available: https://www.tradestart.ca/success-factors [22 Jul 2016]. Vetter, S. (2014, August 21) Recent trends in FDI activity in Europe from, [Online], Available: https://www.dbresearch.com/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_EN-PROD/PROD0000000000340841/Recent+trends+in+FDI+activity+in+Europe%3A+Regaining.pdf [22 Jul 2016]. Xinhua. (2015, March, 18) News analysis: expert calls European nations' decision to join AIIB sound business sense, [Online], Available: https://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2015-03/18/content_35083770.htm [22 Jul 2016].

Ethics And Abortion Essays - Abortion, Personhood, Abortion Debate

Ethics And Abortion Nicole Brockway Philosophy Professor Shibles Dec 1999 Ethics and Abortion Since the beginning of time, women have faced oppression in every area of our lives. While people around the world fought and gained the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, it seemed the women of the world were being denied these rights. Women have worked long and hard to gain equality and the right to be in charge of their own bodies. As a woman of the 1990's, about to reach the turn of the century, I feel it is my place to continue to fight for the rights of my gender. As a long time supporter of the pro-choice movement, I have come to see that there are numerous arguments for pro-choice, as well as against. I have also come to see that there are many different ways to look at both sides of these arguments. Some envision life as black and white, as right and wrong. By looking at life philosophically, we come to see that it is not as simple as that. Intelligent arguments do not only depend on a person's point of view. They depend on critical analysis also. People are not merely a means to an end, but ends in themselves. A woman treated as an incubator by the law is merely a means to an end, and is therefore not being Brockway 2 regarded as a person. The woman's right as a person, to be treated as an end in herself, accords her the right to choose. A woman is a person, while the embryo is nothing but a potential person. Being just a potential person, it therefore does not have the rights of an actual person. Another big argument in the movement is the religious aspect of the debate. Christians are usually in accordance with the pro-life group. Anti-abortion legislation is based upon the acceptance of faith of supernatural entities called souls. These souls should not be confused with the psyche studied by psychologists, for psyche is Greek for soul or breath (The American Heritage Dictionary. Second College Edition. 1982. Houghton Mifflin Company. Pg 999). The Greek term psyche is both mental and destructible and aware of the reality of death and its own extinction ( reference). The soul, by contrast, is immortal, indivisible, and indestructible. Having a soul is important to Christians because it is the soul that arises into heaven and gains eternal life. The reason that we kill, eat, and experiment on animals is because they supposedly lack a soul. But when does a fetus acquire a soul? Fathers of the Christian religion, St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas, decreed that the fetus acqui red a soul after 40 days for a male, and 90 days for a female, (When Did I Begin?. Dr. Norman Find. 1988. C.U.P. pg 39-43, 193). This example, from a Christian source, highlights a very well known philosophical problem. This problem is the logical impossibility of precisely drawing the line as to when the fetus acquires a soul. Bible can not be accepted as a Brockway 3 source of ethics by humane and secular governments, nor is The Bible replete with examples of, what are by modern secular standards, barbaric moral precepts. For example, in Deuteronomy 22:28-29, The Bible states: If a man rapes an unbetrothed female virgin, then the punishment is to force the man to marry the woman with no right of divorce. How is that punishment for him? The woman is punished for something that she had no control over. Some pro-lifers argue that it is murder to kill an unborn child because life begins at conception. They are correct when stating that. A new human life begins when an egg with 23 chromosomes joins with a sperm with 23 chromosomes and creates a fertilized cell called a zygote with 46 chromosomes. A single cell zygote contains the DNA necessary to grow-therefore it is a potential person ( reference). But being alive does not give the zygote full human rights. A single cell ameba also converts nutrients and oxygen into biological energy that causes its ells to divide and multiply. An ameba also contains a full set of DNA and is just as alive as a

The Scientific Revolution DBQ Essay Example

The Scientific Revolution DBQ Essay Example The Scientific Revolution DBQ Essay The Scientific Revolution DBQ Essay Jean Baptists Collect, a French finance minister, expresses positivist about the influence of science on the government. Because the splendor and happiness of the State consists not only in maintaining the glory of arms abroad, but also in displaying at home and abundance of wealth and in causing the arts and sciences to flourish, they state proudly, We have been persuaded for many years to establish several academies for both letters and science. With the employment of scientific discoveries in the government, both can benefit, being that war can become more high tech, and research can be more easily conducted. Considering that the happiness of the state depended on how well science flourished, scientists would then be pressured to keep working toward new technology and improvement of old ones. Natural philosophers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were constantly dependent on the criticism of religion, social archetypes, and politics, as they were the deciding factors to how science would be utilized or rejected.

Knowledge is an example of a public good. Analyse this statement, Essay

Knowledge is an example of a public good. Analyse this statement, drawing on further research to inform your argument - Essay Example These include non-rivalry and non-excludability. Suber (2009) describes that knowledge is non-rivalrous in the sense that its sharing among several people does not deplete its stock. This characteristic of knowledge is shared by other public goods such as air and sunshine. The second feature of knowledge is non-excludabilty. Once knowledge has been created, it is extremely difficult or impossible to limit people from accessing it as long as they have the resources and mental capacity to access it. At the same time, Suber (2009) also distinguishes between knowledge and its forms of expression. According to his argument, knowledge is a public good while its expression in the form of books and journal articles is not. Anderson (2006) argues that knowledge should be considered primarily as a â€Å"public good† while its position as a private asset should be secondary. This reflects the diverse opinions that regard knowledge as an economic asset as well as a social good. Anderson ( 2006) describes four different views of knowledge along a continuum of private and public good. He describes that in the United Kingdom, knowledge is first regarded as a private asset and then as a public good. He argues that the perception should be reversed and British society should view knowledge first as a public good and then as a private asset. ... Haskel (n.a.) discusses the importance of knowledge as a public good from a European perspective. He argues that in making knowledge a public good, states should not seek to act monopolistically themselves. While the state should check inefficiencies such as under-provision of knowledge, it should not seek to subsidize knowledge that is not being withheld by such barriers. At the same time, the state should avoid creating inefficiencies that might be created if it retains sole control over the dissemination of knowledge. Competition and the private sector should be given space to operate as long as inefficiencies are not created. Haskel (n.a.) also argues that public sector involvement in knowledge creation encourage the private sector rather than discouraging it. The tax credits awarded to companies investing in R&D can be allocated more efficiently if investment in areas such as design, marketing, and training are also considered. Stiglitz (1999) views knowledge not only as a publi c good, but as a global public good that should be accessible to all people who can benefit from it. Particularly, in the domain of science and technology, the knowledge is less likely to be geographically-dependent; hence, it has global applications and should be available globally. Stiglitz (1999) discusses some of the constraints that limit the global accessibility of knowledge. Recognizing corporate interests in protecting essential knowledge such as product formulations or technology design, Stiglitz (1999) proposes that the state can invest in research so that economic efficiencies can be achieved. Stiglitz (1999) criticizes the use of patents and other means of enabling firms to recoup their research and development costs. These act as taxes for the consumer and create economic

School Profiler Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

School Profiler - Assignment Example On the other hand, the school performed poorly in the category of English learners with only 15% of students passing CAHSEE in 2011 while 13% passing the exam in 2012 (School profiler, 2013). In 2014 the subgroups that required focus in their Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) was the socioeconomically disadvantaged. They failed to meet their target of the proficient requirements in Language arts. The group also failed to meet their target in three consecutive years- 2011, 2012, and 1013 hence attracted attention. The group also failed to meet its targets in Mathematics in 2011 and 2013 and this was enough reason why the group required attention. Furthermore, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups still failed to meet their target in 2013 in their Academic Performance Index (API). The other sub groups met most of their targets in the three consecutive years. The school did well in Language arts specifically in the areas of RFEP. For instance, the number of students that passed was 90% in 2013, 87% in 2012 and 89% in 2011 (School profiler, 2013). Some grades performed better than others especially in the California English Language Development Test (CELDT). For instance, in advanced level, grade 9 and 11 performed better than grade 10 and 12. In early intermediate level, grade 12 did better in 2012 than other grades by scoring 23%. Performance in CST and CAHSEE exams varied among the grades in school. Between the two exams, it was evident that most students performed better in CST than in CASHEE. For instance, in the Language arts exams of 2013, only 21% of the grade 12 students passed the CAHSEE exam (School profiler, 2013). RFEP program was best-performed category while English learners recorded the least progress in Language arts. The school performed well in Mathematics led by the RFEP students. There are also variations in performance of Mathematics among the grades. For instance, in Algebra I, in 2012 grade 11 recorded the highest performance of 5%. Performanc e in both CST and CAHSEE exams tended to record variations. There were fluctuations in the results over the years and among the various groups of students. Out of the various groups and programs offered, the program that experienced progress was RFEP which recorded high level of students that scored highly. The least program in making progress was the special education students program, which saw only 26% of the students pass the exam. Sciences and social sciences were also part of the subjects done by students and whose result was provided. Sciences are many and included Biology, Chemistry, Earth science and Physics. The school did well in science and social sciences. Performance varied across the grades in different exams. For instance, in 2011, performance in Biology varied between the grades. Grade 9 students scored 76%, grade 10 scored 34% and grade 11 scored 37%. Such scores were replicated in other sciences and social sciences over the years (School profiler, 2013). There was fluctuation in performance in some of the science subjects. The science subject that recorded the most progress was Physics at an average score of 62% while the subject making the least progress was chemistry. Most of the students across the grades record low performance in Chemistry. The school did w

Evolution of the Financial Development-Economic Growth Research Paper

Evolution of the Financial Development-Economic Growth - Research Paper Example Ultimately, this financial development is seen to impact on better quality investments with higher yields and lower risks, thereby fuelling wealth creation and economic growth.   A similar and more recent study conducted by James Ang (2007) found that financial development leads to higher output growth through the promotion of both private savings and private investment, within the context of the Malaysian economy.   It is hoped that this present study will be able to establish findings of a similar nature, but concerned with more than savings and investment, relevant to ten countries with the highest GDP rates,   and within the milieu of the first two years of the 2008 global financial recession. Ultimately, this financial development is seen to impact on better quality investments with higher yields and lower risks, thereby fuelling wealth creation and economic growth.   A similar and more recent study conducted by James Ang (2007) found that financial development leads to higher output growth through the promotion of both private savings and private investment, within the context of the Malaysian economy.   It is hoped that this present study will be able to establish findings of a similar nature, but concerned with more than savings and investment, relevant to ten countries with the highest GDP rates,   and within the milieu of the first two years of the 2008 global financial recession. 1.3   Statement of the Problem This study will undertake to describe the relationship between the financial development of an economy and the growth of that economy.   It will focus on the economies of four countries:   the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and China.   The study shall also utilize World Bank and IMF indicators to determine their responsiveness to the statistical study on such a causal relationship. 1.4   Objectives of the Study In particular, the paper shall seek to establish the following:1.4.1 To investigate the financial indicators representing financial development, as determined by the WB and the IMF  1.4.2 To determine which among the indicators of economic growth (GDP in local currency, GDP in US dollars, GDP in purchasing power parity, or GDP growth) exhibits the best association with the financial indicators.1.4.3 To assess the relationship between financial indicators and the appropriate economic growth indicator, and the degree to which financial development is influential upon economic growth.

Business Goals and Structure of Infosys

Business Goals and Structure of Infosys Infosys is a global IT services company, its bases located in Pune, India, which provides a wide range of IT related services ranging from consulting, design, development, software reengineering, maintenance, systems integration, package evaluation, and implementation to infrastructure management. Prior to Infosys, Indias IT, software industries consisted of providing end-to-end business solutions at overseas locations. Infosys found that it would be more cost efficient if it has access to local talent, for there is actually a significantly well-educated population of human resources in India. The companys main positioning is to capitalize on the premise of globalization. In the words of Narayana Murthy, the founder of Infosys, the goal of Infosys is sourcing capital from where it is cheapest, producing where it is most cost-effective, and selling where it is most profitable, all without being constrained by national boundaries. When Infosys was first established in 1981 in India, by N.R. Narayana Murthy, and six other entrepreneurs, it began as a small-size firm, with just one employee. Infosys went public in 1993, and until then, it showed fairly modest growth. By late 1990s however, its revenues had increased from $2 million to $121 million, and its share price skyrocketed from 95 INR to 8,100 INR per share. Currently, Infosys is one of the largest IT companies in India, with over 130,000 employees. It has offices in 33 different countries and has development centers in India, China, Australia, UK, Canada, and Japan. Since 2000, for three consecutive years, Infosys was rated best employer to work for by Hewitt Associates, and was the only Indian company to win the Global MAKE award for three consecutive years. It has also been seeing a steady increase in applicants over the years. II. Unique organizational structure evolution of Infosys Due to the increasing acceptance and growth of global sourcing, the business executives and IT executives of Infosys see the need for effective change management to adjust to the changes in business environment. In case of Infosys, the organizational evolution involves setting the framework for work, coordinating and controlling what is to be done, and setting a common set of values for workers around the world. The organizational management of Infosys is a highly people-centric process. It begins with recruitment, training of new employees, and finally, the organizational management of hired employees. Infosys has very high criteria in recruiting its workers. The criteria seek for learnability, the ability for employees to quickly and flexibly take in what they are taught during the employee training stage. Infosys invests a significant portion of company revenue to the training of new employees. During the training program, newly hired workers are heavily trained in order to build skills in specific fields, such as analytical-thinking, problem-solving, principles of operating and database-management systems, networking, customer facing, and negotiation. This is to foster a large pool of workers who are capable of successfully dealing with international clients who have different values, backgrounds, and expectations. It moves on to set a common set of values for employees all around the globe. This set of values is referred to as C-life, which includes five core values of customer delight, leadership by example, integrity and transparency, fairness, and pursuit of excellence. Finally, in the overall organizational management of the company, focused on the hired employees, Infosys focuses on dealing with the complexities and uncertainties that exist in the versatile nature of strategic global sourcing. There are bound to be doubts and uncertainties that may be raised among employees, regarding their involvement in companys decision making process and the fear of being cut off after the completion of a transition, due to the traditional centralized structure of Infosys as an Indian company. In order to address these problems, Infosys has brought upon several changes in organizational management. First, to establish a change team that is supported by senior executives and consists of representatives from each of the key areas influenced by the change, to reach out to the employees and ensure that their concerns are heard and addressed, develop and implement risk mitigation strategies in case of employee retention, and developing a system of communication tha t can be successfully delivered across the organization. In short, Infosys emphasizes communication within the company in its evolutionary organizational structure, in order to tend to the problems that may rise due to the constantly changing nature of the related business environment. III. Challenges faced by Infosys It is evidently true that Infosys has made quiet a success regarding the fact that they started out as a small company. Starting from India, Infosys has successfully entered the global market too. However, the people of Infosys acknowledge the fact that the fast moving and developing society does not guarantee a sure success throughout the future. Until now, Infosys successfully reached some point of their goals on the people side and the business side as well. Children who grew in poor education conditions of India joined Infosys and earned pride, accomplishment and great potential. And Infosys was even hired to design part of the intricate wing structure of the superjumbo A380 aircraft as a result of their works to integrate low-cost, high-quality software development services with its competency of managing large scale projects in distributed locations. This success also brought along challenges for Infosys. The first challenge is to become proactive problem-definers rather than be reactive problem-solvers. Infosys now focuses on trying to solve the problems customers complain about. However, it has to transform its behavior to be more active and responding to customers. Infosys should be able to predict the problems and come up with specific actions to solve them before the customers complain. Infosyss aim is to provide solutions leveraging IT. In order to do this, it needs to plan technology solutions and act on implanting them. The second challenge is to become more and more multicultural. Even though Infosys has made some success in entering the global market and expanding its business boundaries across the world, it still needs to clear the remaining cultural barriers. Without doubt, Infosys has made some efforts. It rotates selected managers from various countries through their Infosys Leadership Institute. Also, when there is a large deal, people from different parts of the world contribute to prepare, defend, and to execute numerous proposals. However, this cannot be sufficient for a company to sustainably grow in the global market. Infosys faces some problems in transferring employees from one region to another, for instance, from the United States to India. Exchange and transformations of employees from various regions is crucial for international companies which shows that Infosys still needs to be more multicultural. Finally, the last challenge of Infosys is to continue to retain the soul of a small organization in the body of a large organization. Infosys initially started as an organization of seven people; Murthy and his six friends with a 250 dollar capital in 1981. Now, it consults more than 200 companies world-wide with a revenue of 6.04 billion dollars. It could be described as a dramatic development in 30 years. Inevitably, many procedures and organizational structures would have faced large modifications along with the development of the company. Now Infosys faces the challenge of balancing the organization procedures as well as becoming an integrated multicultural organization. There exists not one company which does not face challenges. Although Infosys faces multiple problems throughout the future, the CEO of Infosys claims to combat these challenges and win in a flat world. IV. The future prospect of Infosys and possibility of further growth while retaining its founding values Infosys was founded upon a clear vision and mission statement which enabled the sound and stable development of the organization. From its foundation, Infosys aimed to become a globally respected corporation in an environment of fairness, honesty, and courtesy towards its clients, employees, vendors and society at large. The five main values that drive Infosys towards this goal are customer delight, leadership by example, integrity and transparency, fairness, and pursuit of excellence. Nevertheless, the corporation realizes that continuing to retain a soul of a small organization in the body of a large, international organization could be a challenge in the upcoming future that it must address. While it is healthy for an organization to prepare and be prudent, there are enough reasons to believe that Infosys will be able to retain and even increase its growth rate while maintaining its integral founding values at the same time. Infosys emphasizes that human capital as the main asset of the organization. Infosys currently has more than 520,000 employees located in 33 countries worldwide. Infosys is renowned to heavily invest in its employees because it believes that the progress and success of the corporation depends on its workers. The lucky 1 percent of the applicants who are selected to work at Infosys still has to undergo 14 weeks of rigorous boot camp to earn the chance to take the final tests and become official Infoscions. These 14 weeks of training aims to truly transfer the founding values of Infosys so that every Infoscion would always the importance of the basic values that led to the companys success. The process of becoming an employee at Infosys is extremely difficult but the system can ensure that the corporation only picks the best and the brightest workers who can truly add to the value of the international company. The last decade of performance has shown that Infosys continued to prosper w hen they hired more and more of qualified workers around the world. Exhibit 1 and exhibit 2 shown above depict the positive relationship of Infosys employees strength and the revenue of the company. The average employee growth rate during the decade of 1996 to 2006 was 40 percent while its revenue growth rate was 39 percent. As Infosys continues to expand its pool of workers to around the world through its Global Labor Pool, it is best positioned to become a truly multicultural organization that can understand the cultural nuances and languages of its vast client base. Infosys is ready to enjoy high growth of sales in the future while retaining the soul and values of a humble small organization. V. Conclusion-Infosys in 2015 Infosys will be able to grow even more due to the fast changing financial market. By 2015, the world will continue to flatten, fiscal market will further open and this will benefit the world economy, and market regulations will be reduced with technological progress. It will be a true era of globalization and technological advancement. In the financial market there will be a shift of power from the financial institutions to the customers. As technology will give more power to customers to directly take control, Infosys role will become even more crucial in the future in providing high-end-to-end business solutions. Therefore, Infosys will hire more highly trained workers in strategic locations in the world and become an even more multicultural corporation that builds trust and communicates with its customers to establish the status of the most globally respected organization in the world in its field by 2015.

Powerful Symbols and Symbolism of The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Powerful Symbol of the Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne's scarlet token liberates her more than it punishes her.   First of all, Hester's soul is freed by her admission of her crime; by enduring her earthly punishment, Hester is assured of a place in the heavens.   Also, though her appearance is much hampered by the scarlet letter, her mind is freed by it, that an intellectual passion rises from her isolation and suffering.   Finally, it defines her identity, for the letter makes Hester the woman that she is; it gives her roots, character, and a uniqueness to her being that sets her apart from the other Puritans.   The scarlet letter is indeed a blessing to Hester Prynne, more than the curse she believes it to be.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The scarlet symbol of ignominy may have defiled Hester's public image, yet it has been a benefit rather than a bane to her soul, for by admitting her crime to the crowd, her soul is freed from two hells:   first, the fiery pit where she would otherwise go after death, and second, the own personal hell Hester will create for herself if she had chosen to hide her sin in her heart. Though it was ordered for Hester to wear the letter, it was still her own choice to make it in a vivid scarlet, "so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom."   Hester chose red as the color of her brand of shame, to declare to the rest of the townspeople that she is prepared to acknowledge her sin, instead of denying it; she could have chosen to wear her "A" in a plain and nondistinct color, to escape the townspeople's disdain.   By displaying her guilt however, she is granted the opportunity to face her punishment bravely, thus through her public humiliation, she achieves freedom from the personal guilt of not suffering enough for her crimes.   Furthermore, "the scarlet letter, forthwith seemed to scorch into Hester's breast, as if it had been red-hot." The scarlet A's glowing embers, scorching they may be, also serve to heal, for the pain they inflict on Hester enables her to properly atone for her sin; by devoting this lifetime to repentance and expiation, she would receive relief in Powerful Symbols and Symbolism of The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays The Powerful Symbol of the Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne's scarlet token liberates her more than it punishes her.   First of all, Hester's soul is freed by her admission of her crime; by enduring her earthly punishment, Hester is assured of a place in the heavens.   Also, though her appearance is much hampered by the scarlet letter, her mind is freed by it, that an intellectual passion rises from her isolation and suffering.   Finally, it defines her identity, for the letter makes Hester the woman that she is; it gives her roots, character, and a uniqueness to her being that sets her apart from the other Puritans.   The scarlet letter is indeed a blessing to Hester Prynne, more than the curse she believes it to be.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The scarlet symbol of ignominy may have defiled Hester's public image, yet it has been a benefit rather than a bane to her soul, for by admitting her crime to the crowd, her soul is freed from two hells:   first, the fiery pit where she would otherwise go after death, and second, the own personal hell Hester will create for herself if she had chosen to hide her sin in her heart. Though it was ordered for Hester to wear the letter, it was still her own choice to make it in a vivid scarlet, "so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom."   Hester chose red as the color of her brand of shame, to declare to the rest of the townspeople that she is prepared to acknowledge her sin, instead of denying it; she could have chosen to wear her "A" in a plain and nondistinct color, to escape the townspeople's disdain.   By displaying her guilt however, she is granted the opportunity to face her punishment bravely, thus through her public humiliation, she achieves freedom from the personal guilt of not suffering enough for her crimes.   Furthermore, "the scarlet letter, forthwith seemed to scorch into Hester's breast, as if it had been red-hot." The scarlet A's glowing embers, scorching they may be, also serve to heal, for the pain they inflict on Hester enables her to properly atone for her sin; by devoting this lifetime to repentance and expiation, she would receive relief in

Creation vs. Evolution Essay

Many different opinions have been made when it comes to where did humans come from? Who or maybe what created us? We all want to know the answer to both of those questions and I’m here to try to explain it for you. There are two different types of believe systems on where we came from. One is creation where they believe we were created by a greater and smarter being who lives in heaven. Then there are the evolutionists who believe hat we came from atoms that exploded or aliens who created monkeys that evolved into humans. First off the creationists believe that about six thousand years ago God created humans. â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.† Genesis 1:1(NIV) See in the bible it says God created the heavens and the earth. At the time when God created the world He created a man named Adam and a woman named Eve to rule over the garden. The Satan, the deceiver, came into the garden and tricked the woman into sinning. As a cause the man and woman were cast out of the garden and from then on sin has corrupted the world and made it what it is today. Creationists also believe that about four thousand years ago a flood covered the whole earth.† For forty days the flood kept coming on the earth, and as the waters increased they lifted the ark high above the earth. The waters rose and increased greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the water.† Genesis 7:17-18(NIV). God created a rainbow after the flood as a covenant between Him and us that ne ver again would a flood cover the whole world. Second off evolutionists believe that the world was created by a big bang or some atoms exploding in the atmosphere. So pretty much they’re saying that the world just exploded and here we are today. Newton’s law of motion says, â€Å"Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by force impressed on it.† Which means that if an object is spinning and it gets fit by a strong force than it will wobble out of its original course. What im getting at here is that if you have atoms spinning supper fast and it explodes than the objects that come off of it will be spinning the same way as the original object. So, if that’s so than why are a couple of are planets not spinning the same way as the rest? And so evolutionists are pretty much saying that, In the beginning dust. By: Jason Yendell Recourses: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267227/ EMBO Rep. 2007 December; 8(12): 1107–1109. http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_intro/creationscience.html

Definition and Examples of Slips of the Tongue

Definition and Examples of Slips of the Tongue A slip of the tongue is a mistake in speaking, usually trivial, sometimes amusing. Also called  lapsus linguae or tongue-slip. As David Crystal has noted, studies of tongue-slips have revealed a great deal about the neuropsychological processes that underlie speech (The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 2010). EtymologyA translation of the Latin, lapsus linguae, cited by John Dryden in 1667. Examples and Observations [British Prime Minister]  David Cameron  has accidentally described the 7 May election as career-defining when he meant country-defining, his third gaffe of recent days.  His mistake on Friday was immediately jumped on by his opponents as unintentionally revealing that he was more concerned about his own job prospects than the future of the UK.  It is likely that the prime minister will step down as Tory leader if he is voted out of Downing Street.This is a real career-defining . . . country-defining election that we face in less than a week’s time, he told an audience at the headquarters of Asda in Leeds.(Rowena Mason, Cameron Mocked After Describing Election as Career-Defining.  The Guardian, May 1, 2015)In an apparent slip of the tongue on the campaign trail yesterday, Mitt Romney mixed up the names of Al Qaeda mastermind Osama bin Laden and Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama.The former Massachusetts governor was criticizing Democrats on foreign policy when he said, according to the Associated Press, Actually, just look at what Osam- Barack Obama- said just yesterday. Barack Obama, calling on radicals, jihadists of all different types, to come together in Iraq. That is the battlefield. . . . Its almost as if the Democratic contenders for president are living in fantasyland. . . .Romney, who was speaking at a Chamber of Commerce meeting in Greenwood, S.C., was referring to an audiotape broadcast Monday on Al Jazeera, purportedly of bin Laden, calling for insurgents in Iraq to unite.  Romney spokesman Kevin Madden later explained: Governor Romney simply misspoke. He was referring to the recently released audiotape of Osama bin Laden and misspoke when referencing his name. It was just a brief mix-up.(Marcella Bombardieri, Romney Mixes Up Osama, Obama During S.C. Speech. The Boston Globe, October 24, 2007) We need laws that protect everyone. Men and women, straights and gays, regardless of sexual perversion . . . ah, persuasion . . ..(New York Congresswoman Bella Abzug, quoted by Robert Louis Young in Understanding Misunderstandings: A Practical Guide to More Successful Human Interaction. University of Texas Press, 1999)The Badger State boasts [John] Kerrys most famous slip of the tongue: the time he declared his love for Lambert Field, suggesting that the states beloved Green Bay Packers play their home games on the frozen tundra of the St. Louis airport.(Chris Suellentrop, Kerry Puts the Gloves On. Slate, October 16, 2004)Types of Slips of the TongueNormal speech contains a large number of such slips, though these mostly pass unnoticed. The errors fall into patterns, and it is possible to draw conclusions from them about the underlying mechanisms involved. They can be divided into (1) Selection errors, where a wrong item has been chosen, usually a lexical item, as with tomorrow inste ad of today in Thats all for tomorrow. (2) Assemblage errors, where the correct items have been selected, but they have been assembled in the wrong order, as in holed and sealed for soled and healed.(Jean Aitchison, Slip of the Tongue. The Oxford Companion to the English Language, 1992) Causes of Slips of the TongueMost everyday slips of the tongue . . . are often simply the result of a sound being carried over from one word to the next, as in black bloxes (for black boxes), or a sound used in one word in anticipation of its occurrence in the next word, as in noman numeral (for roman numeral), or a tup of tea (cup), or the most highly played player (paid). The last example is close to the reversal type of slip, illustrated by shu flots, which may not make you beel fetter if youre suffering from a stick neff, and its always better to loop before you leak. The last two examples involve the interchange of word-final sounds and are much less common than word-initial slips.(George Yule, The Study of Language. Cambridge University Press, 2010)Predicting Slips of the Tongue[I]t is possible to make predictions about the form tongue slips are likely to take when they occur. Given the intended sentence The car missed the bike / but hit the wall (where / marks an intonation/rh ythm boundary, and the strongly stressed words are italicized), the likely slips are going to include bar for car or wit for hit. Most unlikely would be har for car (showing the influence of a less prominent word in the second tone unit) or lit for hit (showing a final consonant replacing an initial one).(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Freud on Slips of the TongueIf a slip of the tongue that turns what the speaker intended to say into its opposite is made by one of the adversaries in a serious argument, it immediately puts him at a disadvantage, and his opponent seldom wastes any time in exploiting the advantage for his own ends.(Sigmund Freud, The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901), trans. by Anthea Bell. Penguin, 2002)The Lighter Side of Tongue Slips- Jerry: For my murinal, I was inspired by the death of my grandma.Tom: You said murinal![Everyone laughs]Jerry: No, I didnt.Ann: Yes, you did. You said murinal. I heard it.Jerry: Anyway, sheApril: Jerry, why dont you put that murinal in the mens room so people can murinate all over it?Tom: Jerry, go to the doctor. You might have a murinary tract infection.[Jerry takes down his mural and walks away defeated.]Jerry: I just wanted to show you my art.Everyone: Murinal! Murinal! Murinal!(The Camel, Parks and Recreation, 2010)- I understand you have taken exception to my calling you whores. Im sorry. I apologize. I ask you to note that I did not call you callous-ass strumpets, fornicatresses, or low-born gutter sluts. But I did say whores. No escaping that. And for that slip of the tongue, I apologize.(Paul Newman as Roy Bean in The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean, 1972)- Maizie said, At Sharis, for only fifteen dollars, you can get a haircut and a blow job.Oh? The gentleman looked surprised . . . and interested.Violet leaned over and said, She means a blow dry.Oh, he said, his voice dropping as the full realization of his loss occurred to him.(Tina Welling, Crybaby Ranch. New American Library, 2008)

Partir Conjugation in French, Translation, and Examples

Partir Conjugation in French, Translation, and Examples Partir  is one of the most common French verbs and it means to leave, though it can take on other meanings as well. In order to use partir  in conversations, you will need to learn how to conjugate it. Partir is an irregular verb, so it does not follow the common patterns found in French. Therefore, you will have to memorize it in all its forms. With time you will learn it and, luckily, partir is so common that youll find plenty of opportunities to practice it. Partir  is not all alone in its conjugations, however. Most French verbs ending in  -mir,  -tir, or  -vir  are conjugated the same way. That means that once you learn one, each new verb becomes a little easier.   In this article you will find the conjugations of partir in the present, present progressive, compound past, imperfect, simple future, near future indicative, the conditional, the present subjunctive, as well as the imperative and the gerund. The Many Meanings of  Partir Partir  most commonly means to leave in the general sense of leaving a place. It is the opposite of  arriver  (to arrive). For example, Je vais partir ce soir (Im going to leave tonight) and Il nest pas parti hier (He didnt leave yesterday). Partir  has a few other meanings as well. For example, it can be used to mean to shoot or to fire: Le coup est parti tout seul (The gun went off (fired) by itself) and Le bouchon est parti au plafond (The cork shot up to the ceiling). Partir can also mean to start or to get off to: Tout à §a est bien/mal parti (It got off to a good/bad start) and On est parti sur une mauvaise piste (We got off on the wrong track, to a bad start). Partir  is a semi-auxiliary, meaning that in some cases it can act in the same way as à ªtre or  avoir.  Ã‚  In this instance, when  partir  is combined with an infinitive verb it means to leave in order to do something: Peux-tu partir acheter du pain  ? (Could you go and buy some bread?) and Il est parti à ©tudier en Italie  (He left to study in Italy). As a euphemism, partir  means  to die or to pass away: Mon mari est parti (My husband passed away). Partir  With Prepositions Partir  is intransitive, which means that it cannot be followed by a  direct object. However, it may be followed by a preposition and an indefinite object (e.g., the destination or point/purpose of departure), or by a day, time, or other modifiers: Ils partent de Paris demain. -  Theyre leaving (from) Paris tomorrow.Quand vas-tu partir la chasse  ? -  When are you leaving to go hunting?Il est parti pour luniversità ©.  -  He left for college / went to college.On va partir demain. -  Were going to leave tomorrow. Additionally,  partir  can have different meanings depending on the preposition that follows it. partir    infinitive means  to start (doing something, usually suddenly): As in,  Il est parti pleurer (He started crying, burst into tears) or  Je suis parti rire  (I started laughing, burst into laughter).partir dans   noun means to start (doing something which interrupts something else): As in, Il est parti dans une digression sans fin (He went off into an endless tangent) and Ne pars pas dans une grande colà ¨re (Dont get all mad).partir de  has two meanings:to begin on or to start from: As in, Le contrat partira du 3 aoà »t  (The contract will begin on August 3rd.) and Cest le deuxià ¨me en partant de la gauche (Its the second from the left).to come from: As in, Ça part du cÅ“ur (It comes from the heart) and Doà ¹ part ce bruit  ? (Where is this noise coming from?).partir pour   infinitive also means to start (and gives the impression of continuing for a long time): As in, Il est parti pour parler pendant une heure (He started talking and looked like hed keep going for an hour) and Elle est partie pour nous raconter sa vie (She started telling us her life story). Expressions With  Partir There are a few common French expressions that rely on  partir. For many of these, you will need to conjugate the verb, using what you learn in this lesson. Practicing these in simple sentences will make them easier to remember. partir de  - from (time, date, place) partir de maintenant  - from now on partir de ce moment-l  - from then on partir du moment oà ¹Ã‚  - as soon as vos marques  ! Prà ªts  ? Partez  !  - On your marks! Get set! Go!cest parti  - here we go, here goes Present Indicative The present indicative in French can be translated to English as the simple present tense I leave or as the present progressive Im leaving. Je pars Je pars tout seul. I leave by myself. Tu pars Tu pars de Paris. You leave Paris. Il/Elle/On part Elle part acheter du pain. She leaves to go buy bread. Nous partons Nous partons pied. We leave on foot. Vous partez Vous partez avec vos amis. You leave with your friends. Ils/Elles partent Ils partent au Canada. They leave for Canada. Present Progressive Indicative As mentioned above, the present progressive in French can be expressed with the simple present tense, but it can also be formed with the present tense conjugation of the verb à ªtre (to be) en train de the infinitive verb (partir). Je suis en train de partir Je suisen train de partir tout seul. I am leaving by myself. Tu esen train de partir Tu esen train de partir de Paris. You are leaving Paris. Il/Elle/On esten train de partir Elle esten train de partir acheter du pain. She is leaving to go buy bread. Nous sommesen train de partir Nous sommesen train de partir pied. We are leaving on foot. Vous à ªtesen train de partir Vous à ªtesen train de partir avec vos amis. You are leaving with your friends. Ils/Elles sonten train de partir Ils sonten train de partir au Canada. They are leaving for Canada. Compound Past Indicative Verbs like partir  require  Ãƒ ªtre  when used in compound tenses  like the  passà © composà ©. To construct this past tense, you will need the auxiliary verb  Ãƒ ªtre and the past participle  parti. Notice that when you form the passà © composà © with à ªtre, the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject. Je suis parti/partie Je suis parti tout seul. I left by myself. Tu es parti/partie Tu es parti de Paris. You left Paris. Il/Elle/On est parti/partie Elle est partie acheter du pain. She left to go buy bread. Nous sommes partis/parties Nous sommes partis pied. We left on foot. Vous à ªtes parti/partis/parties Vous à ªtes partis avec vos amis. You left with your friends. Ils/Elles sont partis/parties Ils sont partis au Canada. They left for Canada. Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is another past tense, but it is usually used to talk about ongoing events or repeated actions in the past, and is normally translated to English as was leaving or used to leave. Je partais Je partais tout seul. I used to leave by myself. Tu partais Tu partais de Paris. You used toleave Paris. Il/Elle/On partait Elle partaitacheter du pain. She used to leave to go buy bread. Nous partions Nous partions pied. We used toleave on foot. Vous partiez Vous partiez avec vos amis. You were leavingwith your friends. Ils/Elles partaient Ils partaient au Canada. They were leavingfor Canada. Simple Future Indicative Je partirai Je partirai tout seul. I will leave by myself. Tu partiras Tu partirasde Paris. Youwill leave Paris. Il/Elle/On partira Elle partiraacheter du pain. She willleave to go buy bread. Nous partirons Nous partirons pied. Wewill leave on foot. Vous partirez Vous partirez avec vos amis. Youwill leave with your friends. Ils/Elles partiront Ils partiront au Canada. Theywill leave for Canada. Near Future Indicative The near future in French is formed with the present tense conjugation of the verb aller (to go) the infinitive (partir). It can be translated to English as going to verb. Je vais partir Je vaispartir tout seul. I am going to leave by myself. Tu vaspartir Tu vaspartir de Paris. Youare going to leave Paris. Il/Elle/On vapartir Elle vapartir acheter du pain. She is going toleave to go buy bread. Nous allonspartir Nous allonspartir pied. Weare going toleave on foot. Vous allezpartir Vous allezpartir avec vos amis. Youare going to leave with your friends. Ils/Elles vontpartir Ils vontpartir au Canada. Theyare going to leave for Canada. Conditional To talk about hypothetical or possible events, you can use the conditional mood. Je partirais Je partirais tout seul si je n'avais peur. I would leave by myself if I were not scared. Tu partirais Tu partiraisde Paris si tu pouvais. Youwould leave Paris if you could. Il/Elle/On partirait Elle partirait acheter du pain si elle avais d'argent. She wouldleave to go buy bread if she had money. Nous partirions Nous partirions pied si ce n'à ©tait pas loin. Wewould leave on foot if it were not far. Vous partiriez Vous partiriez avec vos amis, mais vos amis ne peuvent pas aller. Youwould leave with your friends, but your friends can't go. Ils/Elles partiraient Ils partiraient au Canada s'ils voulaient. Theywould leave for Canada if they wanted to. Present Subjunctive The subjunctive mood is used in situations when the action of leaving is uncertain. Que je parte Mon pà ¨re suggà ¨re que je parte tout seul. My father suggests that I leave by myself. Que tu partes Le juge exige que tu partes de Paris. The judge demands that you leave Paris. Qu'il/Elle/On parte Le patron conseille qu'elle parte acheter du pain. The boss advises that she leave to go buy bread. Que nous partions Charles souhaite que nous partions pied. Charles wishes that we leave on foot. Que vous partiez Jacques prà ©fà ¨re que vous partiez avec vos amis. Jacques prefers that you leave with your friends. Qu'ils/Elles partent Le prà ©sident souhaite qu'ils partent au Canada. The president wishes that they leave for Canada. Imperative When you want to say something like Leave! you can use the imperative verb mood. In this case, theres no need to include the subject pronoun, so simply say, Pars ! Also, to form the negative commands, just place ne...pas around the positive command. Positive commands Tu pars ! Pars de Paris ! Leave Paris! Nous partons! Partons pied ! Let's leave on foot! Vous partez! Partez avec vos amis ! Leave with your friends! Negative commands Tu ne pars pas ! Ne pars pas de Paris ! Don't leave Paris! Nous ne partons pas! Ne partons pas pied ! Let's not leave on foot! Vous ne partez pas ! Ne partez pas avec vos amis ! Don't leave with your friends! Present Participle/Gerund The  present participle  of  partir  is  partant. This was formed by adding the ending  -ant  to the verb stem. One of the uses of the present participle is to form the gerund (usually preceded by the preposition en), which is often used to talk about simultaneous actions. Present participle/gerund ofPartir partant Je pleure en partant Paris. I cry while leaving Paris.

Biblical Concept of Sin Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biblical Concept of Sin - Article Example The present research has identified that the bible is the Christian’s guide to live a spiritually healthy life. The bible has many authors in the different books, who were inspired by God. The Bible teaches Christians to live a pure life with no sin; however, it does not provide a precise definition of sin. Instead, the Bible elaborates on remedies to sin. Like other doctrines, Kinghorn acknowledges the need to apply the concept of progressive revelation. In his attempt to reveal the biblical view of sin, Kinghorn studies the doctrine of sin in both the old and new testaments. He uses this approach in order to follow the revelation of the doctrine of sin throughout the centuries, from the creation of man, as God manifests himself in the human families setting. Kinghorn identifies numerous terms that look into the concept of sin in the Old Testament, which makes it an ideal study in order to understand the doctrine of sin. Mentions of sin in the Old Testament are in Hebrew, who se translations may distort the precise definition of the terms. In this article, we see sin as having an inward concept and an outside concept. The inward concept is best seen in the case of the tenth commandment, while the outside concept of sin is seen in cold-blooded murder. There are many concepts of sin including an act of wrongdoing with regard to ethics, breaking the law due to ill motive, and breaking the covenant of God as a deflection from the lawgiver.   giver. We also look at the doctrine of sin according to the new testament, as portrayed by Jesus through parables and Paul in his letters. The author concludes by relating the doctrine of sin to the opinions of Wesleyans. Critical interaction In defining sin according to the New Testament, Kinghorn looks at human family and the relation it had with God. The family setting in the Old Testament defined sin as an inward act, owing to the sins of our first parents, before it became an outward act. In this regard sin was seen as breaking the law, which made it punishable. According to the Hebrews, there was a clear distinction between sin, which was defined as an act of wrong doing, and what did not constitute sin. According to the book of Leviticus, sin was any act that was contrary to the command, whether it was done knowingly or unknowingly, due to ignorance. Kinghorn supports this claim by quoting the book of Leviticus 5: 17, which says "And if any one sin, and do any of the things wh ich Jehovah hath commanded not to be done, though he knew it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity." The Old Testament looks at both the ethical and legal concepts of sin. In the former, sin involves an act, while in the latter, it is about breaking a law, regardless of knowledge of its existence. Another kind of sin in the Old Testament is one that is not portrayed on the outside, like in the case of condemning murder only if it’s done willingly. Analysis of the sin according to the Old Testament is fouuunded on the idea of progression, whereby the concept of sin is revealed in various people and prophets as we move towards Christianity. Kinghorn identifies some bible characters that had greater vision than others, like in the case of Enoch. He also reveals another concept of sin that involves breaking the covenant of God that is built on human obedience. In such cases, sin is seen as a rebellion against God since the covenant forms the basis of the relationship between God and man. In the Old Testament, sin was seen as not only breaking the law, but also a deflection from the law giver. The analysis of sin according